Learn what a turbocharger is, how it works, and why turbocharged engines deliver improved power, torque, efficiency, and performance across diesel and petrol applications.
What Is a Turbocharger and How Does It Work?
A turbocharger, commonly known as a turbo, is a forced induction device designed to increase engine power and efficiency by forcing more air into the engine’s combustion chamber.
Turbochargers are commonly found on:
- diesel engines
- petrol performance vehicles
- commercial trucks
- agricultural and industrial equipment
By increasing airflow into the engine, a turbocharger allows more fuel to be burned efficiently, resulting in improved power, torque, and overall engine performance.
How Does a Turbocharger Work?
A turbocharger uses exhaust gases produced by the engine to spin a turbine wheel. This turbine is connected via a shaft to a compressor wheel located on the intake side of the turbocharger.
As the compressor spins, it draws in and compresses air before delivering it into the engine under pressure.
This compressed air:
- increases oxygen available for combustion
- improves engine efficiency
- allows the engine to produce more power
Main Components of a Turbocharger
Most turbochargers contain the following major components:
- Turbine housing
- Turbine wheel
- Compressor wheel
- Compressor housing
- Bearing housing (CHRA)
- Wastegate or boost control system
Each component plays an important role in turbocharger performance and reliability.
Benefits of a Turbocharger
Turbochargers offer several advantages including:
- Increased engine power
- Improved torque
- Better fuel efficiency
- Reduced emissions
- Improved drivability
- Greater performance from smaller engine sizes
